Bonn University, Bonn, Germanyįedorka KM, Mousseau TA (2002) Material and genetic benefits of female multiple mating and polyandry. GPOWER: A priori-, post hoc-, and compromise power analyses for MS-DOS. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 307–340Įvans JP, Magurran AE (2000) Multiple benefits of multiple mating in guppies. In: Birkhead TR, Møller AP (eds) Sperm competition and sexual selection. Princeton University Press, PrincetonĮlgar MA 1998 Sperm competition and sexual selection in spiders and other arachnids. Evolution 54:2161–2165Įberhard WG (1996) Female control: sexual selection by cryptic female choice. Evolution 58:1242–1250Įady PE, Wilson N, Jackson M (2000) Copulating with multiple mates enhances female fecundity but not egg-to-adult survival in the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Behav Ecol 8:60–65īrown WD, Bjork A, Schneider K, Pitnick S (2004) No evidence that polzandrz benefits femlaes in Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 14:186–193īirkhead TR, Møller AP, Sutherland WJ (1993) Why do females make it so difficult for males to fertilize their eggs? J Theor Biol 161:51–60īrown JL (1997) A theory of mate choice based on heterozygosity. J Theor Biol 224:27–42īernasconi G, Keller L (2001) Female polyandry affects their sons' reproductive success in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Anim Behav 60:145–164īall MA, Parker GA (2003) Sperm competition games: sperm selection by females. Overall, the main predictor of female reproductive output and success was female body size.Īrnqvist G, Nilsson T (2000) The evolution of polyandry: multiple mating and female fitness in insects. Female choice only seemed to affect hatching latency of the offspring. Interestingly, adult female offspring of the DM treatment that were raised under low food level had a higher condition index compared to those from FS and RM, but development time, size and mass at adulthood were not affected by mating treatment. We found a positive effect of double mating, as in this treatment, oviposition probability was higher compared to the other treatments. We registered development time and survival, and measured offspring adult size and mass. Two thousand one hundred and fifty-two offspring from 67 first egg sacs were reared under two feeding levels. We measured female fecundity and fertility over a period of 140 days, comparable to the species' natural reproductive peak season. However, if the number of matings per se had an effect on oviposition or on offspring performance, double-mated females should perform better compared to both treatments of once-mated females. We predicted that females prevented from remating even though they are receptive would show reduced reproductive success compared to females that accept two copulations and females that reject a second male, since the latter two treatments were allowed to behave according to their decisions. We tested the effect of female re-mating behaviour using the cellar spider Pholcus phalangioides, which shows strong last males sperm precedence and moderate levels of polyandry under natural situations. However, in species with last male sperm precedence, female re-mating decides against the previous male by strongly limiting his reproductive success. This was mainly established for species in which sperm from several males mix in the reproductive tract of the female, thus allowing sperm competition and/or female sperm choice. Some people believe that long-bodied cellar spiders are the most venomous spiders in the world,but their mouths are not large enough to bite with.However,there is no evidence to support this.This myth probably came from the fact that they do kill venomous spiders,such as the black widow and brown recluse.īecause of this,long-bodied cellar spiders are very useful to have around your house.They can help keep most pests away without causing any harm to people.Recent studies have demonstrated that mating with multiple males can be beneficial for females and her offspring even if males contribute nothing but sperm. The long-bodied cellar spider has nothing in common with the nursery web spider(except that they both are arachnids).Nursery web spiders are poisonous and larger than the long-bodied cellar spider. The Daddy-Long Legs is NOT the same type of spider as the Cellar Spider.Daddy-Long Legs refers to two types of spiders:the harvestman (Which is not a spider,because it does not have venom or spin webs.This type is still an arachnid,though.),and the spider (Which is not a long-bodied cellar spider).
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